Eradication of Helicobacter pylori improves the healing rate and reduces the relapse rate of nonbleeding ulcers in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer. Iron and oxidizing species in oxidative stress and Alzheimer’s disease. Cavalcoli F., Zilli A., Conte D., Massironi S. Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review. Fahey J.W., Haristoy X., Dolan P.M., Kensler T.W., Scholtus I., Stephenson K.K., Talalay P., Lozniewski A. Sulforaphane inhibits extracellular, intracellular, and antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori and prevents benzo[a]pyrene-induced stomach tumors. Zhao Z. It is known that H. pylori secretes a vacuole-forming cytotoxin (VacA) that adheres to the surface epithelium with adhesin proteins and causes vacuolization. However, vitamin C, which is generally taken with natural nutrition, increases mucosal immune responses by eliminating free radicals, especially through fruit and vegetable consumption [130]. Chapa-Oliver A.M., Mejía-Teniente L. Capsaicin: From plants to a cancer-suppressing agent. The term “probiotic” is of Greek origin and is translated into our language as “pro bios” (pro: for, bios: life) meaning “for life” [170]. Testing is important for detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). have positive effects on H. pylori. Besiski F.S. This is also emphasised in the literature investigating the relationship between H. pylori infection and nutrients, which suggests that the inclusion of these nutrients in the diet may have a protective effect, unlike some other nutritional components such as salt (Figure 2). The efficacy of Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen with and without vitamin C supplementation. Besides, the host’s genetics are affected by H. pylori infection, which affects genes encoding cytokines such as IL-8, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α that cause polymorphisms, and increases proinflammatory responses, resulting in gastric cancer risk [69]. The first meta-analysis study conducted in 2010 on the use of Saccharomyces boulardi as an adjuvant therapy found that it generally reduced the side effects of H. pylori infection [175]. 1.1 Taxonomy, structure, and biology 1 . Diet-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking adiponectin/ACRP30. Cover T.L., Peek R.M., J. INTRODUCTION Multiple antibiotic regimens have been evaluated for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) therapy [ 1-6 ]. Saxelin M., Tynkkynen S., Mattila-Sandholm T., de Vos W.M. in 2011, 161 of 473 children studying in four different primary and secondary schools in Istanbul were found to be H. pylori-positive [25]. Naito Y., Yoshikawa T. Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and oxidative stress1, 2 1Guest Editor: Giuseppe Poli 2This article is part of a series of reviews on “Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen in Inflammation.” The full list of papers may be found on the homepage of the journal. and B.Y. Gerhard M., Lehn N., Neumayer N., Borén T., Rad R., Schepp W., Miehlke S., Classen M., Prinz C. Clinical relevance of the Helicobacter pylori gene for blood-group antigen-binding adhesin. Curcumin has a wide range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiproliferative, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties [145]. In addition to its toxic effects on gastric mucosal epithelial cells, the ammonia formed increases the mucosal pH [43]. In the last three decades, research interest has increased regarding the pathogenicity, microbial activity, genetic predisposition, and clinical treatments to understand the severity of gastric atrophy and gastric cancer caused by H. pylori. Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) are bacteria that can cause an infection in the lining of your stomach. Nitrosamines are formed by the reaction of secondary amines with nitrites. 8600 Rockville Pike Treatments Prevention Outlook H. pylori is a bacteria that can damage the stomach's protective lining. Kern P.A., Di Gregorio G.B., Lu T., Rassouli N., Ranganathan G. Adiponectin expression from human adipose tissue: Relation to obesity, insulin resistance, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression. Probiotic bacteria can bind to recognition receptors, such as TLR expressed on the surface of epithelial cells, thereby triggering several immunological defence mechanisms. Bacterial biofilm and its role in the pathogenesis of disease. Saccharomyces boulardii as an adjuvant therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Role of food in environmental transmission of Helicobacter pylori. Inflammatory cytokines induce the phosphorylation of serine residues on the insulin receptor substrate, causing disruption of insulin function and disrupting the substrate’s interaction with insulin receptors. Analysis of Helicobacter pylori cagA promoter elements required for salt-induced upregulation of CagA expression. These have the potential to cause DNA damage. Repeat testing after treatment is important to be sure H. pylori is gone. On the other hand, electrons from ascorbate can reduce metals such as iron and copper, leading to the formation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and the formation of reactive oxidant species. reported that people who are consumers of raw vegetables are more likely to be infected. Woodward M., Tunstall-Pedoe H., McColl K. Helicobacter pylori infection reduces systemic availability of dietary vitamin C. Tari A., Kitadai Y., Sumii M., Sasaki A., Tani H., Tanaka S., Chayama K. Basis of decreased risk of gastric cancer in severe atrophic gastritis with eradication of Helicobacter pylori. If the treatment is not successful, second-line treatment is started. Padayatty S.J., Levine M. Vitamin C: The known and the unknown and Goldilocks. Yanaka A. Sulforaphane enhances protection and repair of gastric mucosa against oxidative stress in vitro, and demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects on Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosae in mice and human subjects. Mezmale L., Coelho L.G., Bordin D., Leja M. Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related protein exhibit selective target specificities in response to different forms of DNA damage. Zou J., Dong J., Yu X. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus containing quadruple therapy versus standard triple first-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. screened 4622 people for H. pylori infection in 55 cities using the C-urea breath test in 2013, and 3852 people (2075 females and 1777 males) were found to be positive for H. pylori [26]. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This discrepancy in results depends on the amount of damage to ghrelin-producing cells before eradication, the time it takes for these cells to regenerate, and the duration of infection in the circulation [101]. Side effects of long-term proton pump ınhibitor use: A review. Garza-González E., Perez-Perez G.I., Maldonado-Garza H.J., Bosques-Padilla F.J. A review of Helicobacter pylori diagnosis, treatment, and methods to detect eradication. Thus, diabetes can occur with the deterioration in blood glucose regulation [90,91]. Ameliorating effects of aged garlic extracts against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. Zojaji H., Talaie R., Mirsattari D., Haghazali M., Molaei M., Mohsenian N., Derakhshan F., Zali M.R. Vestby L.K., Grønseth T., Simm R., Nesse L.L. Potential genotoxicity of chronically elevated nitric oxide: A review. De Helicobacter pylori kan dus in het zure milieu van de maag overleven. Kanner J., Selhub J., Shpaizer A., Rabkin B., Shacham I., Tirosh O. Redox homeostasis in stomach medium by foods: The Postprandial Oxidative Stress Index (POSI) for balancing nutrition and human health. In a study conducted by Waring et al., when a control group consisting of 48 gastritis patients without supplementation and an experimental group of 32 gastritis patients who were given 500 mg vitamin C twice a day for 2 weeks were compared, it was found that high vitamin C intake could reduce the risk of gastric cancer, but showed that the protective effect may be greater if gastritis is treated with H. pylori eradication [125]. Review article: ’True’ re-infection of Helicobacter pylori after successful eradication--worldwide annual rates, risk factors and clinical implications. argued that garlic had antibacterial effects against H. pylori in H. pylori-positive individuals who consumed two medium raw cloves of garlic (3 g) with daily meals twice a day for 3 days [142]. Kavitt R.T., Lipowska A.M., Anyane-Yeboa A., Gralnek I.M. Kidane D. Molecular mechanisms of H. pylori-Induced DNA double-strand breaks. Bravo D., Hoare A., Soto C., Valenzuela M.A., Quest A.F. Chung J.G., Chen G.W., Wu L.T., Chang H.L., Lin J.G., Yeh C.C., Wang T.F. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. In support of this, a study in 1995 showed that H. pylori can oxidise and neutralise ascorbic acid in the stomach [120]. Uyanıkoğlu A., Coşkun M., Binici D.N., Uçar Ş., Kibar Y.İ., Tay A., Öztürk Y. In veel gevallen zijn er helemaal geen klachten. 2. It is thought that iron deficiency, which is a cause of H. pylori infection, may also be effective in H. pylori virulence (Figure 2) [112,114]. In another study, Zojaji et al. Therefore, more studies are needed to determine its long-term effects. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection and public health implications. It is widely used as a food colouring agent [144]. Lee I.O., Kim J.H., Choi Y.J., Pillinger M.H., Kim S.Y., Blaser M.J., Lee Y.C. The gastrointestinal tract constitutes the most intense region in terms of the diversity of microorganisms in the human body, and therefore they have critical roles in the development of the immune system [52]. Eradicating H. pylori is the most effective means to prevent and treat these diseases. The roles of vitamin C in Helicobacter pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis. Vitamin C is a chemical reducing agent or electron donor. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection-the maastricht V/florence consensus report. The site is secure. Salminen S., Collado M.C., Endo A., Hill C., Lebeer S., Quigley E.M.M., Sanders M.E., Shamir R., Swann J.R., Szajewska H., et al. Fischbach W., Malfertheiner P., Hoffmann J.C., Bolten W., Kist M., Koletzko S. Helicobacter Pylori and gastroduodenal ulcer disease. Combinations of more than one test give more reliable results [41]. Although many bacteria cannot survive the stomach's acid environment, H. pylori is able to neutralize the acidity of its local environment in the stomach, though not the stomach as a whole. Relevant studies have revealed that leptin deficiency can induce the insulin resistance (IR) of high TNF-α and IL-6 levels [88,89]. Waring A.J., Drake I.M., Schorah C.J., White K.L., Lynch D.A., Axon A.T., Dixon M.F. Iron deficiency is expected in the long term and in some risk groups (Figure 2), as the human body tightly holds the available iron to prevent both bacterial growth and oxidative damage [112]. A 2020 study confirmed that using probiotics helps maintain the balance between good and. Loh J.T., Friedman D.B., Piazuelo M.B., Bravo L.E., Wilson K.T., Peek R.M., Jr., Correa P., Cover T.L. Snezhkina A.V., Kudryavtseva A.V., Kardymon O.L., Savvateeva M.V., Melnikova N.V., Krasnov G.S., Dmitriev A.A. ROS generation and antioxidant defense systems in normal and malignant cells.

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