I am lazy, and I never have done things myself that I could get someone to do for me. Four fleet carriers and the heavy cruiser Mikuma were sunk; a cruiser, three destroyers, an oiler and a battleship were damaged. It was the only aircraft carrier in the presence of Midway Island to survive the dive bomber attack and launched two and a half waves of planes against the United States Navy. After his funeral, he was buried at Golden Gate National Cemetery near the grave of his wartime commander, Nimitz. "Foreward for Midway." US Naval Institute Proceedings 81, no. By 1939, at the age of 53, Spruance had spent 18 years at sea. So he changed course northeastward, avoiding the first wave of dive bombers launched against him from Spruances carriers. From there, he went on to graduate from the U.S. Besides his family, he loved the companionship of his pet schnauzer, Peter. In 1916 he aided in the fitting out of the battleship Pennsylvania and he served on board her from her commissioning in June 1916 until November 1917. He commanded that vessel during the patrols with the Atlantic Fleet until January 1920, when he assumed command of newly commissioned destroyer USS Percival in San Francisco, California. edward dean spruancegarberiel battery charger manual 26th February 2023 / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by / in what's happening in silsbee, tx today / by Successfully concluding operations, Spruance was promoted to admiral in February. Word of the sacrifice of VT-8 stunned the United States, and Churchill was reported to have wept when he heard about it. Spruances naval guns started their bombardment two days later. Commanded the first Japanese air strike against Midway Island at the beginning of the battle. However, an invasion was rendered unnecessary when the atomic bomb was used on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. In the fighting, the Japanese lost three carriers and around 600 aircraft. Akagi was lashed by bombs, which exploded torpedoes that were being loaded onto her planes, and the crew abandoned ship. Aircraft carrier that served as the flagship of Task Force 17 and Admiral Fletcher. Akagi and Kaga subsequently went down. Japanese naval force tasked with the invasion of the Aleutian Islands under Vice Admiral Kakuta with aircraft carriers Junyo and Ryuho. In May 1942, intelligence suggested that the Japanese were planning on assaulting Midway Island. He was the grandfather of legendary theatre director Anne Bogart. Admiral Raymond Spruance served in US Navy during World War Two. Things did not look hopeful for Spruance and his force on the eve of Midway. Meanwhile, Task Force 58 was busy in the forefront of clearing the Japanese from the 600-mile-long Marianas chain. Critical for the defense of Hawaii, the commander of the US Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, intended to dispatch Halsey to block the enemy thrust. Whether they produced battlefield images of the dead or daguerreotype portraits of common soldiers, []. Hiryu class Japanese aircraft carrier that was the flagship of the second detachment of the carrier strike force. Japanese aircraft carrier squadron under the command of Chuichi Nagumo in command of aircraft carriers Akagi, Kaga, Soryu, and Hiryu. [14][15] For his actions at the battle of Midway Rear Admiral Spruance was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal and cited as follows: "For exceptionally meritorious service as Task Force Commander, United States Pacific Fleet. Determining that New Mexico was not too badly damaged to remain on station Spruance kept her as his flagship for the rest of the campaign. King said to him "Spruance, you did a damn fine job there. Halsey was aggressive and a risk taker. He presided over US Forces in the Pacific during two decisive Allied victories: the Battle of Midway in 1942 and the 1944 Battle of the Philippines Sea. Some people asked why he did not take take advantage of the chaotic scene to attack all of Japans air carriers. Was the site of a naval battle between the United States and Japan in 1942. Akagi class Japanese aircraft carrier that was part of the first detachment of the Japanese carrier strike force. Privacy Policy, Admiral Raymond Spruance served in US Navy during. The Battle of Midway was the first major victory for the United States over Japan and is seen by many as . He was fond of symphonic music, and his tastes were generally simple. They met practically no opposition because most of the Zeros were still close to the water, not having had time to climb and counterattack. The airstrips in the Gilberts were put to good use two months later when they were used in the invasion of Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands. C. The Roman Catholic Church developed in Constantinople. Michio Kobayashi Admiral Spruance explained the U.S. victory at Midway in the following way. Carrier units of his force penetrated waters of the Japanese homeland and Nansei Shoto. He was in this post on June 4, 1942, when the Japanese navy attacked Midway Island in force. Fit and spare in his 70s, Spruance spent most of his retirement days wearing old khakis and work shoes and working in his garden and greenhouse. The month before, American and Japanese naval units had fought the Battle of the Coral Sea, and both closely matched sides had suffered. Admiral William L. Calhoun saw him as a cold-blooded fighting fool. He was decorated with Order of Leopold and Croix de guerre with Palm by the Government of Belgium for his service for the Allied cause.[26]. Four years later, President Harry S. Truman appointed him as Ambassador to the Republic of the Philippines. Moving into position near Midway, Spruance's force was later joined by Rear Admiral Frank J. Fletcher's TF 17 which included the carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5). The two admirals were a contrast in styles. This was followed by an assault on Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands on January 31, 1944. He was a diligent, neat and gentle boy. The Battle of Midway was fought June 4-7, 1942, during World War II (1939-1945) and was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance was a key American naval commander who served in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Most historians consider Midway the turning point of the Pacific War.[1]. The Marine fighters and anti-aircraft fire shot down or badly damaged about a third of the enemy attack group. Early on, Halsey had led his task force on hit-and-run raids against the Japanese in the western Pacific: striking the Gilbert and Marshall islands in February 1942, Wake Island in March, and projecting the air power of the Doolittle Raid against the Japanese homeland in April. Once theBattle of the Philippine Sea came to an end, Spruance returned to Pearl Harbour to help plan other landings in the future. Retiring to Pebble Beach, CA, he died there on December 13, 1969. Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, is named Spruance Hall. This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. When New Mexico was struck by two kamikaze on the night of 12 May 1945 a hasty search by Spruance's staff found the Admiral manning a fire hose amidship. President Franklin D. Roosevelt nominated Spruance for promotion to full admiral on February 10, 1944, and he was approved. The Japanese felt that they had won the encounter. Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 - December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral in World War II. Graduating from Annapolis three years later, he served two years at sea before receiving his commission as an ensign on September 13, 1908. I was shanghaied ashore in November of the next year to take over as electrical superintendent at the New York Navy Yard, said Spruance. [7], Spruance served in Washington until early 1924, when he was ordered to the headquarters, Commander Naval Force in Europe. In July 1941, his responsibilities were expanded to include oversight of the Caribbean Sea Frontier. Admiral Chester W. Nimitz,, Commander in Chief, Pacific, (right) and, Admiral Raymond Spruance, Commander, Central Pacific Force, (center) Tour Kwajalein Island, Marshalls, February 5,1944, following its capture. This was followed by a promotion to Deputy Commander in Chief, US Pacific Fleet in September. Official Navy historian Samuel Eliot Morison characterized Spruance's performance as "superb", and he was nicknamed "electric brain" for his calmness even in moments of supreme crisis, a reputation enhanced by his successful tactics. But the American commander, who could be daring and resourceful when necessary, could also exhibit shrewd caution when his experienced mind sensed an ambush. He suggested Spruance replace him as commander of the Fleet carrier force, despite the fact that Spruce had little experience with carriers. It is still the largest warship built to date and survived the battle undamaged as it never came near the battlefield despite Yamamoto's protests. These attacks were followed by a raid against Marcus Island. Kwajalein was in American hands, but the rest of the Marshalls groupabout 30 islands and more than 800 reefs scattered over hundreds of miles of oceanremained to be dealt with. Naval History and Heritage Command, "Biography of Raymond A. Spruance Press Release July 24, 1941, United States Navy Department", "Adm Spruance's Fitrep after Battle of Midway", Citation, Navy Cross, Raymond A. Spruance, "Admiral Raymond Ames Spruance America's Navy", "News Release: Navy Names Two New Guided Missile Destroyers", "War & Remembrance (Part 3) (May 26 July 25, 1942)", "War & Remembrance (Part 3) (May 26 July 25, 1942) 1988", Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 19411942, The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 19421944, Twilight of the Gods: War in the Western Pacific, 19441945, United States Ambassadors to the Philippines, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raymond_A._Spruance&oldid=1137739908, Ambassadors of the United States to the Philippines, High Commissioners of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army), Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States), Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, Articles with dead external links from July 2022, Articles with dead external links from December 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 05:43. 31, 2021, thoughtco.com/admiral-raymond-spruance-2360511. Japanese propagandists pointed to their success in the Aleutians to offset the defeat at Midway, but actually the Aleutians were of little strategic value. When you moved into Admiral Spruance's command, the printed instructions were up to date, and you did things in accordance with them.[19]. Yamato class battleship that served as the Japanese Combined Fleet's Flagship, housing Admiral Yamamoto. They find and score 3 hits on the USS Yorktown, but also sustain heavy losses. Two years later, he aided in the fitting out of USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) then under construction in the yard. On November 24, Spruance relieved Nimitz as Commander, US Pacific Fleet. erful leader. With it he intended to significantly expand the Imperial Japanese Navy's outer defense perimeter across the central Pacific; and, he believed, this very powerful stroke against Midway would so severely threaten Hawaii and Pearl Harbor that the U.S. government would be induced to sue for peace. Analyzing Information How does Admiral Spruance explain the U.S. victory Returning to Newport, Spruance remained at the college until retiring from the US Navy on July 1, 1948. It was hit and shortly after destroyed by American dive bombers. How can these and the knowledge they provide be used to spread His Word? He held that post until the following February, when he was ordered back to the Naval War College at Newportthis time as president. When Nimitz named him commander of the disputed Central Pacific Area, this made him responsible for the planning and execution of the attack on the Gilbert Islands in November 1943. Japanese aircraft carrier attached to the Main Body of the fleet and saw close to no action. Biographies, 20th century collection, Navy Department Library. Finishing the course, he completed a tour in the Office of Naval Intelligence before being posted to USS Mississippi (BB-41) in October 1929 as executive officer. A decisive victory, Spruance and Fletcher's actions at Midway helped turn the tide of the Pacific war in favor of the Allies. The combined American force consisted of three carriers, eight cruisers, 15 destroyers, 12 submarines and 353 aircraft, ranged against a grand total of 200 Japanese vessels and 700 planes. Naval Academy in 1906 and from the Naval War College in 1927 where he taught for a few years. [32] Wouk writes in his book that "Spruance escaped [the Japanese fleet admiral] Yamamoto's terrible trap by acting on perfect military instinct. Furthermore, Spruance ordered that the air squadrons fly directly to their targets before assembling every squadron into a proper formation, gambling that the attacks would leave the enemy carriers in disarray and delay the launching of their own counterstrike. The son of Alexander and Annie Spruance, Raymond Ames Spruance was born at Baltimore, MD on July 3, 1886. Spruance died in Pebble Beach, California, on December 13, 1969, and was buried with full military honors at Golden Gate National Cemetery near San Francisco. Besides his family, he loved the companionship of his pet schnauzer, Peter. The U.S. fleet lost fewer men, but it lost a fleet carrier while the Japanese lost only the light carrier Shoho. He was the united states navy fleet admiral in the some of the The battle of Midway was one of the most decisive battle in th Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku, Japanese fleet commander, chose to i Yorktown and Task Force 17 were under the command of Rear Adm. Frank Jack Fletcher. Hiryu class Japanese aircraft carrier that was part of the second detachment of the Japanese carrier strike force. That achievement brought praise from Churchill, who wrote to Navy Secretary James Forrestal, Admiral Spruance is again to be congratulated for another fine job. Spruance launched an assault on February 16-17 against Truk, the Japanese Pearl Harbor, at the same time that Admiral Turners forces were attacking Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshalls, about 700 miles to the west. At Midway, Spruance's force inflicted on the Imperial Japanese Navy its worst setback in 350 years. This was in July 1938, and this time he was the battleships commander. That same month, he directed Operation Hailstone which saw American carrier aircraft repeatedly strike the Japanese base at Truk. He's one of the finest officers I know of. The battle would open in the mist-shrouded Aleutians with airstrikes against Dutch Harbor on June 3, followed by landings at three points on June 6. After these victories, Spruance went back to Pearl Harbour to assist with planning Japans invasion. . Calm, collected, decisive, yet receptive to advice; keeping in his mind the picture of widely disparate forces, yet boldly seizing every opening. An academic building at the Naval War College was also named for him. One exception was Admiral John Towers, a constant critic of Spruance, whom Spruance came to despise for his naked ambition.[18]. Its commanding officers Admiral Yamaguchi and the ship's captain both stayed aboard their ship. With their 233 planes and crews at the ready, the three U.S. flattops were stationed well north of Midway, out of sight of enemy reconnaissance planes. transmitted as a message) to Rear Admirals Frank Jack Fletcher and Raymond Spruance on the eve of the battle of Midway To quote a U S Navy website, "Nimitz clearly . In the footnote Morison says, Admiral Spruance, in commenting on the first draft of this volume, requested that I delete victor at and substitute who commanded a carrier task force at, butI have let it stand. Japanese supporting aircraft carrier in Aleutian islands campaign. It is regrettable that, owing to Spruances innate modesty and his refusal to create an image of himself in the public eye, he was never properly appreciated. In April, Nimitz divided command of the Central Pacific Force between Spruance and Halsey. As his staff worked, Halsey used the fleet to win the Battle of Leyte Gulf. When I look at myself objectively, he wrote in retirement, I think that what success I may have achieved through life is largely due to the fact that I am a good judge of men. In May 1914, Spruance received a posting as Assistant to the Inspector of Machinery at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company. Covered by fog and lashed by storms most of the time, they were generally unsuitable for air or naval bases. In August 1943 Spruance was placed in command of the Central Pacific Force, which, on April 29, 1944, was redesignated as the Fifth Fleet. As Allied forces battled on the island, Spruance's ships defeated Operation Ten-Go on April 7 which saw the Japanese battleship Yamato attempt to break through to the island. . help him spread the Gospel?Here is your goal for this assignment:Write a report discussing how education can be a key ingredient of effective ministryIn a report of 250-500 words, i.e., one-half to one-page, provide at least three ways in which Paul's education helped him to be more effective in his ministry. Spruances fleet had prevented the Japanese from reinforcing the Saipan garrison. Thus the Americans knew the Japanese planned to move toward Midway. The attack fails to destroy any airfields or major targets. Raymond A. Spruance was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on 3 July 1886. More to his liking was the study of foreign methods of naval fire control, which took him to London and Edinburgh. On 13 May 1945, Admiral Raymond Spruance put pen to paper and described the second kamikaze attack he experienced at Okinawa. Yet because of his modest, retiring nature, Spruance was never a popular hero in the manner of Admirals Nimitz, William F. Halsey and Marc A. Mitscher. On June 14, while Mitscher led a diversionary attack on the Bonin Islands 800 miles to the north, U.S. Marines and infantrymen stormed ashore. Fifteen Buffaloes and two Wildcats were lost, but the garrisons anti-aircraft fire was effective. He commanded the battleship USS Mississippi from April 1938 to December 1939, when he was promoted to rear admiral. The defeat effectively destroyed the Japanese Navy's air arm. Then he returned to the Naval War College as a staff member. The gallant carrier was crippled but nearly succeeded in reaching safety before torpedoes from Japanese submarine I-68 finally sank her three days later. Four days after the invasion, all immediate objectives had been taken, and by February 8, 1944, all organized resistance had ceased. The Saipan campaign began with air attacks on June 10, 1944. Fit into his 70s, Spruance spent most of his retirement days wearing old khakis and work shoes and working in his garden and greenhouse; he loved to show them to visitors. This was said to be the first time that a four-star admiral took part in a sea action aboard one of the ships engaged. He was dragged out of his flagship Akagi before it sank against his will. For the main Midway assault, the Japanese force consisted of the main battle fleet under Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, composed of three battleships, a light carrier and a destroyer screen; Admiral Chuichi Nagumos combined fleet of two battleships, two heavy cruisers, destroyers and four fleet carriers carrying more than 250 aircraft; and an invasion task force led by Admiral Nobutake Kondo, consisting of a dozen transport ships carrying 5,000 troops, closely supported by four heavy cruisers, two battleships and a light carrier; and a three-cordon submarine force intended to neutralize U.S. countermoves. Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 - December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral during World War II. That is how the US navy could inflict great damage to the Japanese fleet and aircraft. Born on 3 July 1886, Spruance graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1906. While in that capacity he assumed additional duty as a member of the board on doctrine of aircraft in connection with fleet fire control. The Navy, by law, was limited to four Fleet Admirals; three of these appointments were obvious: Ernest King, Chester Nimitz and William Leahy. Admiral Yamaguchi and the Hiryu's captain decide to stay aboard the ship. Hickman, Kennedy. He enjoyed hot chocolate and would make it for himself every morning. catalogued as someone to watch; there was never any possibility that he would be passed over in the lists for promotion. https://www.historynet.com/admiral-raymond-a-spruance-modest-victor-of-midway/, Jerrie Mock: Record-Breaking American Female Pilot, How Operation Homecoming Was Sprung into Action to Repatriate American POWs. His chance would come. Spruance was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal, and in May 1943 he was promoted to vice admiral. They were hurled back decisively, and the losses353 enemy planes downed, 21 U.S. aircraft lostamazed the Americans. Akagi class Japanese aircraft carrier that served as the flagship of Admiral Nagumo. Although he broke the back of the Japanese naval air force by sinking three carriers, two oilers and destroying about 600 enemy airplanes (so many that the remaining Japanese carriers were used solely as decoys in the Battle of Leyte Gulf a few months later due to the lack of aircraft and aircrews to fly them) Spruance has been criticized for not being aggressive enough in exploiting his success in the Philippine Sea. ThoughtCo. Spruance became Commander of the 5th Fleet in November 1943, which presented him with command of the Central Pacific Forces. ), honoris causa degree from Central Philippine University in 1955, an institution of higher learning founded by the American Baptist missionary, William Orison Valentine in 1905. It was his job to protect the landing force.[8]. In April 1942 he offered support to carriers that launched the Doolittle Raid, an air raid on Tokyo and other parts of Honshu island. Ambassador to the Philippines in 1952-55. He did not discuss his private life, feelings, prejudices, hopes or fears, except perhaps with his family and his closest friends. His wife, Margaret Dean (18881985), is buried alongside him, as are Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz, his longtime friend Admiral Richmond K. Turner, and Admiral Charles A. Lockwood, an arrangement made by all of them while living. These plans proved moot when the war came to an abrupt end in early August with the use of the atom bomb. The two admirals presented a contrast in styles as Spruance tended to be quiet and meticulous while Halsey was brash and more impetuous. On 13 May 1945, admiral Raymond Spruance put pen to paper and described the second detachment how does admiral spruance explain the us victory at midway quizlet battle! 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