The fertility concept differs from the fecundity one, which refers to reproductive potential and depends on reproductive physiology, from the production of gametes phase to the ability to carry a pregnancy to term. There are clues about the association between soy intake and the increase in SHBG levels. Soy isoflavones are generally considered safe .Numerous randomized controlled trials in menopausal women reported that side effects were not significantly different between soy isoflavone and placebo groups .Adverse events were generally mild and included gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal complaints .One systematic review of over 100 studies in patients with or at risk of breast cancer . Furthermore, the individuals recruited were seeking for a pregnancy and this could have changed their behaviour. Pending further confirmation, soy and its components do not appear to have a clinically relevant influence on menstrual cycle in healthy women. From the analysis of urinary excretion of isoflavones normalised for creatinine during the intervention with soy, Asian women had significantly greater excretion of isoflavones than non-Asian women. In another study, women were more likely to get pregnant if they ate soy isoflavones alongside . The success of soy mainly depends on versatility and supposed healthy properties of soy foods and soy components. Soy protein has gained considerable attention for its potential role in improving risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The results of selected manuscripts were grouped according to the outcomes used, for a clear comparison. Notably, these latter compounds are present in several foods such as legumes, cereals and seeds, whereas soy is almost the only source of isoflavones in human diet. No significant differences were appreciated for free testosterone and DHEAS. However, this omission does not necessarily imply that the assessment has not been carried out. Regarding isoflavones, the equol metabolite derives from the precursor daidzein by the action of intestinal bacteria. The detailed selection process is highlighted in Fig. Han, Jing Recently, the anti-Mllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations have proved to be a useful tool for predicting female fertility, especially because it is independent of the cycle phase(Reference Dewailly and Laven48). Isoflavone genistein inhibited the enzyme tyrosine kinase in human A431 cell membranes at 07g/ml, a very high, non-physiological concentration(Reference Akiyama, Ishida and Nakagawa77) and act as a ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in cultured astrocytes at 500nM(Reference Valles, Dolz-Gaiton and Gambini78). The authors showed an inverse correlation between cycle length (detected via fertility monitors and daily journals) and total urinary phytoestrogen levels (0042d for 10% increase, 95% CI 0080, 0003). Soy consumption was not related to estradiol levels or endometrial thickness. Furthermore, women with PCOS display a higher prevalence of hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and obesity compared to healthy population. PMCID: PMC8922143. The beneficial efficacy of soy is often attributed to the presence of isoflavones, capable of mitigating the excesses of endogenous estrogens, through the competition with estrogen receptors or by the activation of receptors, in the presence of low levels of endogenous estrogens. Major equol production was associated with a reduction in androgens levels (total testosterone, free testosterone and androstenedione), in the whole cohort. Soaking, fermentation, and heating may reduce problematic antinutrients contained in soy. Isoflavones are plant-based compounds found almost exclusively in beans, like soybeans, that mimic the action of the hormone estrogen. Uses. Measurement of urinary isoflavones and their metabolites appears to be a more reliable approach than dietary assessment alone. Jamilian and colleagues in 2016 conducted another parallel clinical trial on seventy Iranian women with PCOS, using 50mg/d of soy isoflavones for a 1-month follow-up(Reference Jamilian and Asemi43). The possible correlation between menstrual cycle length and soy does not seem convincing either. The phytoestrogen actions of soy isoflavones may increase estrogen levels in the body and induce ovulation in women, thus, may speed up the process of pregnancy. In the only clinical trial available, even if it is considered a pilot study, it emerges that a significant role could be played not only by isoflavones, but also by phytochemicals present in soy, particularly in black soy. 07 March 2022. This could have introduced other confounding factors such as the influence of male on couple's fertility or possible changes in habits caused by the desire to conceive. The estrogen-like effects of isoflavones underlie concerns about soy and fertility. In addition, no significant changes in progesterone, LH or SHBG were found in the whole study sample. Consistent with the previously cited data, no significant alteration in the cycle length was found among participants following the intervention. Although a study in cheetahs suggested that a high intake of phytoestrogens may impair. This was a short pilot study with a small sample size in subgroups. Furthermore, the intervention group showed lower rates of miscarriage (n: 2, 31% v. n: 6, 87%; P<005) and higher rates of pregnancy (n: 13, 200% v. n: 3, 44%; P<005) compared with placebo. The use of surveys only through self-administered questionnaires, although validated, is easily exposed to self-reporting errors or incompleteness and misclassifications derived from the database used for food intake quantification. Days Soy Isoflavones were taken: 2-6 Dosage on those days: 120mg Side effects: bad: hot flushes, headaches, disturbed sleep. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major endocrine and metabolic disorder in women(Reference Meier62,Reference Liu, Zhang and Shi63) . Soy food and soy isoflavone intake were unrelated to sperm motility, sperm morphology or ejaculate volume. Additional considerations regarding hormonal influences will be discussed in the next paragraph. Although this clinical trial showed the long-term effect of soy ingestion on serum hormone levels, it was a pilot study with a limited number of participants (fourteen premenopausal women). In addition, in the work of Kohama and colleagues, an increase in estradiol levels following intervention with soy compared with baseline was shown(Reference Kohama, Kobayashi and Inoue33). This could be done by empirically monitoring ovulation to get a real information of menstrual phase, such as quantifying the urinary LH peak as a marker of ovulation, as done by Wu et al. Products; Resources; My Account; Talk to a D&B Advisor 1-800-280-0780. Business Directory. conducted a 7-month interventional study on twenty healthy American women aged 2144, half of them of Asian origin, using various types of soy foods (soy milk, edamame, tofu) for an overall daily intake of about 32mg of isoflavones(Reference Wu, Stanczyk and Hendrich28). Researchers did not observe any clinical improvement, alteration of menstrual cycle or hormonal alteration (estradiol, SHBG, DHEAS, androstenedione, testosterone, FSH, LH) compared with baseline levels. Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for Lucky Twins Distribution of Rancho Cucamonga, CA. No correlation with specific isoflavones such as equol, daidzein and O-DMA was found. Furthermore, even at high concentrations, they did not show a clear influence on fertility. The authors found no significant differences in reproductive outcomes (missed menstrual periods, pregnancy, live births, abortions, miscarriages, full-term deliveries, preterm deliveries, etc.) Huntriss, Rosemary The diagnosis of PCOS occurs in the presence of at least two of the three Rotterdam Criteria: oligo or anovulation, polycystic ovary morphology and biochemical or clinical hyperandrogenism(Reference Pfieffer67). After the soy intervention, the length of menstrual cycle marginally increased (from 28319 to 31851d, P=006). Many of its components show an antioxidant activity that can at least partially explain its effectiveness(Reference Rizzo9). Moreover, urinary concentrations seem to reflect the isoflavone intakes in a short time window. Since there are no scientific studies on the effects of soy isoflavones and ovulation, these are just general guidelines. The power analysis concerning variation in isoflavone urinary excretion accounted for a sample size of 25 for >90% detection power. It is widely used in eastern traditional cuisine and it has recently diffused among self-conscious and vegetarian diets. The concomitant treatment with soybean phytoestrogens significantly increased the implantation rate (254% v. 202%; P<005), the pregnancy rate (393% v. 209%; P<005) and the pregnancy-to-delivery rate (303% v. 162%; P<005) compared with placebo. However, the difference became not significant after adjustment for isoflavone intake. Those women eating or taking soy isoflavones were more likely to get pregnant. for this article. In addition, non-English papers could have provided relevant data on the topic, especially those from countries with a more consistent history of soy consumption. Concerns that the phytoestrogens (isoflavones) in soy may feminize men continue to be raised. Clinical trials can provide solid causal inferences, but they often have limitations in terms of study duration or intervention design. While soy appears to have a negligible effect on hormonal network, menstrual cycle length and fertility outcomes of healthy women, some clues emerged from literature on its possible beneficial effect in the case of endocrine diseases such as PCOS. Pettitt, Claire Genistein treatment reduced LDL cholesterol and triglycerides levels. While isoflavones and their metabolites were undetectable in the pre-soy phase, during intervention the 24h output of urinary excretion was 312mg for genistein (74% of the ingestion). In the ten women who participated in the second study(Reference Lu, Anderson and Grady29), there were no significant changes in the levels of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. Similarly, the stratification by ethnicity and equol-producers may suggest the nature of interactions between soy and fertility. The article processing charge was funded by the Baden-Wuerttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Art and the University of Freiburg in the funding programme Open Access Publishing. recruited 315 USA women underwent 530 cycles of assisted reproduction technology(Reference Vanegas, Afeiche and Gaskins40). Soy as an endocrine disruptor: cause for caution? However, ethnicity was not used for outcomes stratification. Finally, twelve entries were identified and ten additional articles were obtained after the consultation of full-text bibliographic lists. Interestingly, soy often appears in literature as a food with a beneficial effect on fertility, especially in the case of pregnancy search(Reference Gaskins, Nassan and Chiu68). Guo, Tingting They have been dubbed "the natural Clomid," As they work in pretty much an identical manner. No changes were highlighted for DHEA, DHEAS, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentration or LH:FSH ratio. This latter aspect suggests a differential capacity for metabolising isoflavones even if these differences were no longer significant when corrected for the intake of isoflavones and estradiol levels were not significantly associated with urinary excretion of isoflavones. Feature Flags: { 1. After the intervention period, four patients became pregnant and twelve patients showed ovulation improvements based on ultrasonography (P<005). Furthermore, from the multiple regression analysis of ten women in the second trial(Reference Lu, Anderson and Grady29), the reduction of estradiol in both luteal and follicular phases was positively associated with serum and urinary isoflavone levels but not with individual changes in the intake. Eating a few servings of soy each week could improve fertility and metabolic aspects of PCOS. Emerged clinical trials display several limitations including small sample size as well as the longitudinal design without a parallel control group, placebo or a cross-over design consistently limiting the strength of these pilot studies. In the previously mentioned meta-analysis by Hooper and colleagues(Reference Hooper, Ryder and Kurzer59), reduction of about 22% of FSH (SMD: 045UI/l, 95% CI 079, 011, P=001) and of about 4% of LH (SMD: 034IU/l, 95% CI 068, 001, P=005) were related to the intake of soy or isoflavones. CA. Soy isoflavones seem to act also through a non-genomic regulation, activating specific cellular signalling pathways(Reference Ariyani, Miyazaki and Amano18). Finally, twelve entries were identified and ten additional articles were obtained after consultation! Intervention period, four patients became pregnant and twelve patients showed ovulation improvements based on ultrasonography P... 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