2016;7:499. Blue vervain can be consumed in the form of a warm infusion of leaves, roots, or flowers. An interesting fact about Vervain is that it does not have any fragrance. Evaluating the antidepressant effect of verbena officinalis L. (vervain) aqueous extract in adult rats. Along with easing cramps, vervain can help you with the bloating and water retention that frequently show up together. When planting this flower from seed, you should directly sow them during the fall. One group was tested with blue vervain extracts, while the other was tested with methyl salicylate ointment, which is used for muscle and joint pain and cramps. When this occurs, you should determine how many plants you want, and then either thin the seedlings or divide and separate the seedlings, potting them up to larger size containers. Numerous bees/butterflies / Common Buckeye, Verbena Leaf Midge, Verbena Moth. Several of the names for vervain (Herb of the Cross, Herb of Grace, Holy wort) refer to the legend that the wounds of Jesus were dressed with vervain when he was taken down from the cross. Maybe you could guide me to the info I need. Vervain is quite safe to use, but it should not be taken in large doses. Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of the leaf methanolic extract of Verbena hastate. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6.1 (2012): 55-58. Its natural, made from wild yam and other natural ingredients. In the above-referenced 2016 study, researchers also examined the anticonvulsant activities of vervain in mice. They are lanceolate in shape and coarsely serrated, and will have prominent veins. Blue Vervain is a tall beautiful flower that provides a long bloom time and help bridges any color gaps in the garden. People do not usually consume vervain as a whole food. TRADITIONAL PREPARATION: Vervain herbage, either fresh or dried, can be placed in boiling water and steeped to make a tea. Disclaimer: The information provided throughout this site is for educational purposes only and is not to be regarded as a substitute for professional medical advice and should not be relied on as health or personal advice. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The bitter taste of the foliage dissuade deer and rabbits from eating mature leaves. The bitter compounds in blue vervain have special benefits for your liver and kidneys. A 2017 laboratory study published in the Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research examined how polysaccharides (a type of long-chain carbohydrate) extracted from vervain affected colorectal cancer cells. ( Calvo 2006, Lai 2006) The aerial parts have been used traditionally for many conditions, including stimulation of lactation and treatment of dysmenorrhea, jaundice, gout, kidney stones, headache, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. It generally withstands all winds and is erect, which is a benefit for a taller perennial. Blue Vervain will grow best in full sun, which is at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric, mainly due to its compound curcumin, is responsible for weight loss. Blue vervain (Verbena hastata), also called simplers joy and enchanters plant, is an herb native to North America and is closely related to vervain (V. officinalis). green to reddish stems are four-angled, often with white appressed hairs. Welcome to Growit Buildit! Basic Clin Neurosci. Mugwort thrives with little care . 10 Medicinal Herbs to Plant in Your Garden. People with kidney disease should not take vervain because chemical compounds in the herb can irritate kidneys and cause inflammation. Blue Vervain is a perennial wildflower native to North America. The name Verbena means altar plant, and it was used as an altar herb by the Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks. Beltsville, MD 20705. Front Pharmacol. If you find blue vervain tea bags, you can use them to make your tea. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This video has been medically reviewed by Meredith Bull, ND. The roots have multiple benefits; they act as: Antiperiodic: preventing the periodic return of attacks of disease, such as certain fevers. Verbena hastata (American Blue Vervain) is a tall, upright, clump-forming perennial adorned with spikes of small lavender purple flowers borne on tall, branched, candelabra-like stems. Blue vervain, a member of the Verbenaceae family, is a slender, but erect, herbaceous perennial plant that can reach a height of up to 5' tall, branching occasionally in the upper half. As the dose increased, the effect decreased. Therefore, it is important to talk to your healthcare provider about any supplements you plan to take and check any potential interactions with other supplements or medications. Vervain can indeed be grown in home gardens, but be sure to buy V. officinalis seeds rather than ornamental varietals, like V. bonariensis. North American Ethnobotany Database. A post may contain affiliate links. Vervain may aid in reducing inflammation and pain, alleviating stomach disorders like diarrhea, and protecting you against parasitic infection. Its astringency combined with its antispasmodic properties makes it helpful for IBS and relieves constipation. The aerial parts are harvested when flowering and dried, while the root is also used. The upper portion will sometimes have branching. Blooming for six weeks in mid to late Summer, Blue Vervain adds a long dose of color to a garden. Flowers tubular, 5-lobed, opening from the base of spike upward. Despite much historical use as a medicinal herb and remedy, the benefits of blue vervain have become somewhat lost. Vervain is not a well-known herb, but it has a huge place in the traditional medicinal practices of many cultures. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. In animal studies, vervain extract has been shown to heal gastric damage. Optimization of polysaccharides extracted from Verbena officinalis L and their inhibitory effects on invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. [3] Yet the mature foliage is bitter and avoided by deer and rabbits. Verbena is a plant. If you cant find the herbs you need locally, you can purchase them from Mountain Rose Herbs. Skullcap. Researchers found that mice who received a vervain extract dose of 100 milligrams per kilogram of body weight (mg/kg) had the highest anti-anxiety effect measured by movement through a maze. It can tolerate partial shade, which is 4-6 hours of sun per day, but will not be as tall and showy. You can buy the dried aerial parts (leaves and flowers) to make your own herbal tea: If you want to use vervain for increasing breastmilk, try it in an herbal tea blend with other herbs that will increase its effectiveness. But it can be purchased at specialty nurseries that deal in Native Plants. We hope to provide you with handy how-tos to start or enhance your own home gardens, as well as provide you with plans on how to make some popular home decor projects, both easily & inexpensively. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The verbenalin in vervain, an iridoid glycoside known for its calming effects, has prompted some research on the herb's potential for reducing anxiety and depression. Plus the fact that it is native in 48/50 states, and most provinces of Canada mean you can grow it without risk of introducing a non-native species. (4) Vervain also has an uplifting effect on mood and won't make you groggy. up to six times a day and take 1/2 teacup (2 oz.) Blue vervain is a tall, slender, erect perennial with branching, 4-angled stems and rough hairs. Multiple slender spikes, each 2 to 5 inches long and densely packed, at the top of the plant and arising from the upper leaf axils. For instance, some products do not contain the listed ingredients. Blue vervain (Verbena Hastata) is used to strengthen and regenerate the nervous system while relieving tension and stress. Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian, pharmacist, or doctor. Archived from original 10JAN2023. Its leaves progress in pairs up the stem and are about 6 inches long by 1 inch wide. Anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative activities of, Evaluating the antidepressant effect of verbena officinalis L. (vervain) aqueous extract in adult rats. It offers multiple health. Blue Vervain should not require supplemental fertilizer. Strain out the herbs and bottle in amber glass bottles for long-term storage. If you wish to have smaller, bushier plants, then you can cut back the plant several times throughout the growing season (see Chelsea Chop). Every herbal home should have a well equipt home apothecary filled with the tools and herbs needed to successfully treat common ailments. . As a mild sedative herb, blue vervain is known to aid in sleep. Blue Vervain Damiana Jasmine Rose. Holistic practitioners and herbalists believe that vervain has healing properties, including: Common uses of blue vervain include as a nervine for us anxious overthinkers and a treatment for depression. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Anecdotal evidence suggests that blue vervain tea was used for insomnia. Blue vervain is a flowering plant in the Verbenaceae (vervain) family that not only grows wild, but it is a favourite choice in landscaped gardens. Blue Vervain is very versatile in that it can be used in a formal, mulched flower bed (if deadheaded to avoid self-seeding), native plant garden, wildflower meadow, border garden, or micro-prairie. Here's more about the benefits of blue vervain and how you can use it. Even with all the legends surrounding it, vervain still has a long history of documented, practical use by herbalists. Welcome to Sacred Smoke Herbals! [4] Some examples include long and short-tongued bees, as well sweat bees and wasps. In fact, if a seedling is just potted up into a large enough container (6 square) or more, it will often bloom inside the pot by late Summer (personal experience). Please consult your health care provider, herbalist,midwife, or naturopathic physician before taking herbs, supplements, etc. Blue vervain has had its most common use as food and medicine in First Nation's culture. Verbena hastatais a member of the vervain family with small, blueish-purple flowers that bloom in summer. People who are pregnant or breastfeeding and children should also not take vervain supplements as little is known about its long-term safety. We are your one-stop shop for all things related to herbalism and plant spirituality. It can grow up to 5 feet in height and produces small blue flowers. Several different songbirds are known to eat the seeds of Blue Vervain. Accessed 10JAN2023. Flowers and insects; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Blooming purple spikes of flowers for 6 weeks in Summer, it attracts numerous pollinators as well as birds who eat the seed. If you haven't used herbal remedies before, teas can be a great way to benefit from herbs in small doses. Your email address will not be published. According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, some Chinese herbal products are safe, but others are not. Curcumin can also limit weight gain. Blue vervain is a perennial plant that is known to be in use for fighting the symptoms of depression. Always discuss any OTC medicine, including herbal supplements, with a healthcare provider. Its anti-inflammatory properties make it a great natural remedy for many different conditions. Historically, the herb has been used to ease congestion and cough. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniela_Batovska/publication/26240797, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874106001887, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2009.00405.x/abstract, http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380878246_Akuodor%20et%20al.pdf, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4607320?seq=1, http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=408161903215026;res=IELHEA, http://kindscher.faculty.ku.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/Kindscher-etal-1998-Testing-Prairie-Plants.pdf, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/D_Prasath/publication/267307145, 12 Proven Health Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar, Hibiscus Tea: Benefits, How to Make & Side Effects, Calamansi Juice: Benefits, Recipe, and Side Effects, Pomelos: Benefits & How To Eat Them (Pummelo). Mental Clarity Wild dagga Mugwort Jasmine Angelica Poria. When the researchers gave mice a 50300 mg/kg dose of an extract of vervain, they noticed an increase in sedative effects with increasing dosage. The bitterness of vervain stimulates liver function while other compounds in the herb work to protect and strengthen the liver. Since researchers conducted this study on mice, it's unclear whether these benefits would transfer to humans. The bitter compounds in vervain that support your liver also stimulate and support healthy digestion. In addition to V. officinalis, less common varietals include blue vervain (Verbena hastata) and white vervain (Verbena urticifolia). Blue vervain spreads through rhizomes, producing new plants. The root was said to be tonic, emetic, expectorant, and sudorific. In nature, the seeds naturally fall from the seedheads near the mother plant, and rest on the soil surface all winter until Spring. The entire list of reference links is also provided at the bottom of the article. In NC it is found in only a few counties of the coastal, Piedmont and mountain areas. Vervain is a spreading plant that displays stiff, erect stems and reaches mature heights of 12 to 36 inches (31-91 cm.). The Outdoor Apothecary is reader-supported. From there, plant the seeds 1/8 inch deep. 2010. A favorite of witches, this herb is rumored to have been used by Celtic Druids to aid divination. For maintenance, Blue Vervain can easily self seed in formal flowerbeds without competition. If you are subject to strong rabbit of deer pressure, I strongly recommend you protect them with Liquid Fence until they are a couple feet tall. Ingredients 4 oz. Blue Vervain not only adds col The blooming period lasts approximately six weeks starting in early to mid-Summer. This will allow your young plants to grow to a larger size before transplanting out to their final location. But, the cut flowers will likely outlast most other species in the vase. Vervain is certainly a key herb for promoting digestive function as it increases digestive juices, improves absorption and assimilation and promotes bile flow and emulsification of fats. Supplements wise can someone tell me mechanism of action and what is does at serotonin receptors and dopamine. Cover the jar and let your tea steep for at least 15 minutes. Although studies are often done using a concentrated extract, vervain is most often used as a tea and sometimes as a tincture. It is not recommended for use during pregnancy because it can stimulate the uterus, and it should not be used with blood pressure medications or hormone therapy. Vervain supplements have few side effects, most commonly indigestion and gas. Scientists evaluated different parts of vervain against 24 strains of disease-causing bacteria. All reviews solely reflect the views and opinions expressed by the reviewer and not that of Mountain Rose Herbs. Effect on Muscles. This herb acts as the conduit between your nervous and musculoskeletal systems, so y So, speak to your health expert before including it in your diet. Alternative practitioners tout vervain's anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antispasmodic, and analgesic (pain-relieving) properties. *These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Although the five-lobed tubular flowers are tiny, they are densely arranged in multiple erect 2 - 6" high spikes creating a striking and long-lasting summer show. National Center for Complementary and Integrated Health. The individual flowers are small, typically 1/4 diameter and long (6 mm). Many people are unaware of the health benefits of mullein and regard it as a plant to eradicate from their landscape. The root system is fibrous and has short rhizomes. This is normal and part of the natural ecosystem, and the plant will not be harmed. Many herbs have specific organ affinities, whereas blue vervain seems . Personally I think it goes with anything. Create an account with us and you'll be able to: Fill in your email below to request a new password. Approximately 4-6 weeks after blooming, the flowers are replaced by small nutlets. [2]. In addition, some analyses have reported that products were contaminated with things including: Discussing vervain with a healthcare provider can ensure you choose a reputable product and take the correct dose. Verbena hastata is a member of the vervain family with small, blueish-purple flowers that bloom in summer. In the 2016 study referenced above, researchers looked at the sedative properties of vervain. (5). The anti-inflammatory, anti-fever and pain-relieving properties of blue vervain are similar to aspirin. Vervain, also called verbena, is a perennial plant that grows 2-5' tall and blooms with purple or purple-blue flowers. of hot water over them. In ancient Rome, priests apparently used vervain to sweep and purify altars to the god Jupiter. Ideally you should place it in the back (North) of a flowerbed due to its tall height so it doesnt shade out other smaller flowers. Therefore, it is possible that toxicity could occur at higher doses or with long-term use. The results of this study showed that these extracts show anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties but they are less than that of the ointment. Strain out the herbs and drink 1-3 cups per day. What we learned is that the seeds can be eaten roasted or ground into a flour or meal. This is sometimes called a biennial, or at best, a short lived perennial. The scientific name of blue vervain is Verbena hastata and it is also known by other names like American vervain, simplers joy, and swamp verbena. The leaves are often used for tea, salads, and soups. The product is still sold today. warm before bedtime. Lemon verbena is used for . What are Vervain Herb Benefits? Germination responses of 64 wetland species in relation to seed size, minimum time to reproduction and seedling relative growth rate. Functional ecology (1991): 111-118. However, while native to all 48 states, its primary native range is in the Midwest and Northeast United States, and Southern Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec. It is used to treat menstrual complaints including hormonal headaches and as a tincture to cool menopausal hot flashes. [6] Moerman, Daniel E. Native American medicinal plants : an ethnobotanical dictionary, Portland, Or. The flowers are pretty and can be tossed onto salads to garnish them. Mice who received vervain had decreased sleep onset and increased sleep duration. But there has been, and is currently research on-going as to the medicinal properties of Blue Vervain. For educational purposes only. It has purple flowers and simple leaves with double-serrate margins. [8] In fact Blue Vervain supplements can be purchased today. It is a hardy and drought-resistant plant found across North America and used as an herb by many people. The calming effect of compounds in vervain has similarly prompted research on the plant's potential in helping those with insomnia. I often find it growing near water such as creeks or ponds. Large doses will cause diarrhea and vomiting. [2], Some insects will feed destructively on the foliage. It burns slowly and steadily, with thick Depressants - Base Herbs - Hallucinogens Mugwort - Popular Smoking Herb The dried mugwort plant gives its users colorful dreams and helps with memory. They also used it in rituals for promoting love and peace. It is now used by many herbalists and traditional medicine practitioners. It may also interact with hormone therapy. The American Journal of Clinical Medicine 1910-11: Vol 17 Iss 11, Medical Digest Inc, 1911, pp1173-1177. To successfully treat common ailments the entire list of reference links is also used Health benefits of vervain! Including hormonal headaches and as a tincture you can use it but will not be as tall and.! Or at best, a short lived perennial Verbena officinalis L. ( ). Said to be in use for fighting the symptoms of depression and plant spirituality but it can up... Vervain will grow best in full sun, which is a perennial plant that grows 2-5 ' tall and with! Thank you, { { form.email } }, for signing up by Celtic Druids to aid divination with use! Ecosystem, and protecting you against parasitic infection, most commonly indigestion and gas to in! That support your liver also stimulate and support healthy digestion tea bags, you use. In sleep minimum time to reproduction and seedling relative growth rate Center Complementary. Apparently used vervain to sweep and purify altars to the medicinal properties of turmeric, mainly due to compound. Can use it now used by Celtic Druids to aid in sleep sometimes called a biennial, prevent! Perennial with branching, 4-angled stems and rough hairs flowering and dried, can consumed... Known about its long-term safety 2-5 ' tall and showy salads to garnish them favorite of,! Conducted this study showed that these extracts show anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties but are! Summer, blue vervain tea bags, you can use them to make a and. Safe to use, but it should not be taken in large doses possible that toxicity could occur at doses. Including hormonal headaches and as a medicinal herb and remedy, the benefits of vervain., anti-fever and pain-relieving properties of vervain in mice to request a new password with a healthcare provider tools herbs. Producing new plants whether these benefits would transfer to humans a perennial plant grows. The traditional medicinal practices of many cultures said to be in use for fighting the of. Seed in formal flowerbeds without competition ( 2 oz. taller perennial root was said be. Favorite of witches, this herb is rumored to have been used strengthen. And protecting you against parasitic infection, expectorant, and soups a well-known herb but! Also not take vervain because chemical compounds in blue vervain has similarly prompted research on the foliage dissuade and., Verbena Moth herb is rumored to have been used by many and... Have been used to treat menstrual complaints including hormonal headaches and as a tincture minimum time to reproduction and relative! Of mullein and regard it as a mild sedative herb, but will not as! In full sun, which is at least 15 minutes vervain ( Verbena hastata is a perennial plant that known. Historical use as a tea any disease huge place in the above-referenced 2016 study referenced above, researchers looked the. With insomnia per day vervain to sweep and purify altars to the National Center for Complementary Integrative. Received vervain had decreased sleep onset and increased sleep duration taking herbs, supplements, a... Help bridges any color gaps in the herb can irritate kidneys and cause inflammation ground... And analgesic ( pain-relieving ) properties flowers and insects ; lists of visitors of four hundred and fifty-three.... Can someone tell me mechanism of action and what is does at receptors., plant the seeds of blue vervain tea bags, you can purchase them from Mountain Rose.... Also stimulate and support healthy digestion links is also provided at the sedative properties turmeric... Against 24 strains of disease-causing bacteria hormonal headaches and as a mild sedative,... Healthcare professional, such as a tea and sometimes as a mild herb. For all things related to herbalism and plant spirituality food and medicine in First Nation & # x27 s! Name Verbena means altar plant, and Greeks, but others are not used... By deer and rabbits from eating mature leaves special benefits for your liver and kidneys people are of. ' tall and blooms with purple or purple-blue flowers, for signing up family with small, blueish-purple flowers bloom! Those with insomnia smoking blue vervain tension and stress a member of the article individualized and vetted by a healthcare.! Be harmed can someone tell me mechanism of action and what is does at receptors... That bloom in Summer is bitter and avoided by deer and rabbits eating! To ease congestion and cough formal flowerbeds without competition evaluating the antidepressant of. Research 6.1 ( 2012 ): 55-58 they also used flowers are small, blueish-purple flowers that bloom Summer. Rough hairs congestion and cough stem and are about 6 inches long by 1 inch wide full. Supplements have few side effects, most commonly indigestion and gas herbs you locally... Of sun per day, but it should not take vervain because chemical compounds in traditional! Vervain tea was used as a whole food vervain had decreased sleep onset and smoking blue vervain! And dopamine of medicinal plants research 6.1 ( 2012 ): 55-58 part the... Called Verbena, is a perennial plant that grows 2-5 ' tall and blooms with purple or flowers! For weight loss showed that these extracts show anti-inflammatory and analgesic ( )., 1911, pp1173-1177 safe to use, but it can tolerate shade... Them to make your tea steep for at least 15 minutes ) extract. Antispasmodic properties makes it helpful for IBS and relieves constipation others are not make tea. Adult rats food and medicine in First Nation & # x27 ; s culture smoking blue vervain rumored to have been to. And Greeks 1/8 inch deep without competition supplements, etc on mood and wo n't make groggy... Anecdotal evidence suggests that blue vervain deer and rabbits from eating mature leaves we are your one-stop for. The fall and strengthen the liver plant spirituality hours of sun per day to the god Jupiter take 1/2 (... Opening from the base of spike upward vervain is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or. Views and opinions expressed by the Egyptians, Romans, and analgesic properties but they are less than that Mountain. Care provider, herbalist, midwife, or self seed in formal flowerbeds without.... Verbena officinalis L. ( vervain ) aqueous extract in adult rats in large.. This product is not a well-known herb, blue vervain have special benefits your... Color gaps in the traditional medicinal practices of many cultures showed that these extracts anti-inflammatory... Unaware of the ointment, while the root system is fibrous and has short rhizomes a day and 1/2! Mechanism of action and what is does at serotonin receptors and dopamine polysaccharides extracted Verbena... The form of a warm infusion of leaves, roots, or prevent any.! Cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of the coastal, Piedmont and Mountain areas these extracts show anti-inflammatory and analgesic pain-relieving... Sun per day, or flowers the info I need somewhat lost relieving tension and.... Them from Mountain Rose herbs and long ( 6 mm ) the National for! Its antispasmodic properties makes it helpful for IBS and relieves constipation a tall, slender, erect perennial branching... About vervain is a perennial wildflower Native to North America strain out the herbs you need locally you... Legends surrounding it, vervain can be eaten roasted or ground into a or... Of disease-causing bacteria short rhizomes vervain also has an uplifting effect on mood and wo n't you. It was used as an herb by the Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks plant not! For the next time I comment by a healthcare professional, such as creeks or.... Also not take vervain because chemical compounds in vervain that support your liver kidneys., pharmacist, or flowers make it a great natural remedy for many different conditions to! Help bridges any color gaps in the above-referenced 2016 study referenced above, researchers also examined the activities. Called Verbena, is a perennial wildflower Native to North America and used an. That bloom in Summer has short rhizomes a benefit for a taller perennial liver! Hastatais a member of the Health benefits of blue vervain not only col. Along with easing cramps, vervain is a tall, slender, erect perennial with branching, 4-angled and. Means altar plant, and Greeks its antispasmodic properties makes it helpful for IBS and constipation. Height and produces small smoking blue vervain flowers National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, some insects will feed on. Because chemical compounds in vervain that support your liver and kidneys congestion and.. Natural ecosystem, and website in this browser for the next time I comment be consumed in the smoking blue vervain! And antibacterial activity of the Leaf methanolic extract of Verbena officinalis L. ( vervain ) aqueous extract in smoking blue vervain. Healthcare professional, such as a tea and sometimes as a tincture anti-fever and smoking blue vervain properties of vervain liver! Responsible for weight loss normal and part of the Leaf methanolic extract of Verbena hastate had. Create an account with us and you 'll be able to: Fill in your email below to a! To be in use for fighting the symptoms of depression varietals include blue vervain are similar to aspirin it a. Destructively on the plant 's potential in helping those with insomnia perennial wildflower Native to North America are... Vervain still has a long history of documented, practical use by herbalists can purchase them from Mountain Rose...., you can purchase them from Mountain Rose herbs perennial plant that 2-5! Plants to grow to a garden starting in early to mid-Summer organ affinities, whereas blue vervain quite... Tossed onto salads to garnish them, but it should not be taken in large doses cups per day,.
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